BY-LAWS OF NATIONAL PUBLIC RECORDS RESEARCH
ASSOCIATION
AS AMENDED APRIL 24, 2004
ARTICLE
I. Offices
For purposes of these By Laws, the following terms
shall have the meanings set forth below:
"Ad Hoc Committee" shall mean a committee
appointed by the Board of Directors that is not vested
with any authority reserved to the Board of Directors
as provided in Section 22 of Article VI of these By-Laws.
"Articles of Incorporation" shall mean
the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended
from time to time.
"Authorized Person" shall mean any individual
with authority to act and vote on behalf of a Regular
Member or participate on behalf of an Associate Member,
including an officer, general partner, manager, member
or other authorized agent, persons presumed to have such
authority under Article III, Section 2(d) of these By-Laws,
and other persons presumed to have such authority under
Section 617.0721(3) of the Florida Law.
"Business" shall mean any sole proprietorship,
corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited
liability company or other entity engaged in business,
whether or not for profit.
"Board Committee" shall mean a committee
of Directors designated by the Board of Directors under
Section 21 of Article VI of these By-Laws.
"Corporation" shall mean National Public Records
Research Association, Inc.
"Florida Law" shall mean the Florida
Not For Profit Corporation Act of the State of Florida,
as amended from time to time.
"Person" shall mean any individual, corporation,
partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company,
association or other legal entity.
"Policies and Procedures Manual" shall
mean the Policy and Procedures Manual approved by the
Board of Directors from time to time. All provisions and
procedures set forth in such Policy and Procedures Manual
shall be consistent with these By-laws and any inconsistent
provision shall be void and of no force nor effect. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, these By-laws do not require that any such
Policy and Procedures Manual be developed, approved or
maintained, and references to such Manual shall be deemed
to be references to such Manual, if any.
ARTICLE II -- OFFICES (CHAPTER 617.0501)
SECTION 1. Registered Office in Florida.
The initial registered office of the Corporation in the
State of Florida shall be located in the City and State
designated in the Articles of Incorporation. Subsequent
registered offices, if any, shall be located where specified
in related statements, if any, filed with the Florida
Department of State.
SECTION 2. Principal Office and Other
Offices. The Corporation may also maintain a principal
office and other offices at such other places within the
United States as the Board of Directors may, from time
to time, determine. The initial principal office of the
Corporation shall be as specified in the Articles of Incorporation.
ARTICLE III -- MEMBERS (CHAPTER 617.0601)
SECTION 1. Members.
The Corporation shall have two (2) classes of members
designated, respectively, as "Regular Members" and "Associate
Members."
SECTION 2. Qualification of Members.
(a) Regular Member. A Regular Member
may be only a Business whose business includes the research,
and/or retrieval, and/or filing of public record information
maintained by or on behalf of governmental agencies. Such
information includes but is not limited to Uniform Commercial
Code (UCC Article 9) documentation, real estate records,
court records, and corporate documentation.
(b) Associate Member. An Associate Member
may be any Business whose business does not include the
research, and/or retrieval, and/or filing of public record
information maintained by or on behalf of governmental
agencies, but whose business is indirectly related to
such public records information business or whose business
includes acting as a supplier, advisor, attorney or consultant
to a Person engaged in such public records information
business.
(c) Designation of Class. A new member
shall be designated as a Regular Member or an Associate
Member of the Corporation in accordance with the qualifications
set forth in subsections (a) and (b) above. The determination
of such class shall be made by an officer of the Corporation,
or by a person designated to do so by an officer of the
Corporation, based on the information provided in the
membership application by a Business applying for membership.
(d) Authorized Person Presumptions. If
a Member of the Corporation is a corporation, limited
liability company, limited partnership or other entity
(i.e., general partnership, firm, etc.), the chairman
of the board, the president, any vice president, the secretary,
the treasurer, any general partner, any manager or member,
or any like officer or authorized agent of the member
entity, shall be deemed to be an Authorized Person with
authority to act and vote on behalf of the Member.
Any Person attending a meeting of Members of the Corporation
on behalf of a Member and who is an employee or agent
of such Member shall also be presumed to have authority
to act on behalf of such Member as such at such meeting.
Such presumption may be challenged by any other Member
unless such Person is the chairman of the board, the president,
any vice president, the secretary, the treasurer, any
general partner, any manager or member, or any like officer
of the Member for whom such Person is presumed to act,
in which case authority shall be deemed to exist as provided
in the Florida Law, and any such challenge may be rejected
upon a reasonable demonstration that such Person has actual
authority to act on behalf of such Member.
SECTION 3. Membership Admission. A Business
shall be admitted to the membership of the Corporation
after (i) approval of a membership application; (iii)
payment of the initiation fee, annual dues for the then-current
year (which shall be prorated based on the effective date
of the admission of the new Member, except as provided
in Section 5, below), and any other fees associated with
new membership; and (iii) compliance with all other admission
procedures to be determined by the Board of Directors.
Such procedures may be set forth in the Policies and Procedures
Manual.
SECTION 4. Membership Records. The Corporation
shall keep a membership book containing, in alphabetical
order by class of Regular and Associate Members, the name
and address of each member. The Corporation shall also
keep records at all times of minutes of meetings and other
corporate action taken within the last three years, accurate
accounting records for the last three years, copies of
the Corporation's Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws,
as amended, written communications with Members for the
last three years, and names and addresses of its officers
and Directors, all in accordance with Section 617.1601
of the Florida Law.
SECTION 5. Dues and Fees of Members.
(a) Initiation Fee and Annual Dues. The Board of Directors
may determine from time to time the amount of initiation
fee, if any, and annual dues payable to the Corporation
by Regular and Associate Members.
(b) Payment of Dues. Dues for a calendar year shall be
payable in advance by the first business day of January
of such year. Dues of a new Regular of Associate Member
shall be payable upon admission to membership and shall
be prorated from the first day of the month in which such
a new Member is admitted for the remainder of the fiscal
year of the Corporation based upon the number of months
(including such month) remaining in said year. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, except as otherwise approved by the Board
of Directors, the dues of a new Member who had been a
Member in the preceding calendar year but had ceased to
be a Member at or since the end of said preceding calendar
year, will not be prorated but shall be payable in full.
SECTION 6. Member Obligations. Obligations
of Regular and Associate Members shall include (i) the
prompt payment of dues to the Corporation in accordance
with Section 5 above; (ii) acting with high integrity
and professionalism commensurate with current industry
practices; and (iii) a commitment to follow the Corporation's
Code of Ethics and all federal and state anti-trust laws
and regulations.
SECTION 7. Rights of Members.
(a) Rights and Privileges of All Classes of Members. The
rights and privileges attributed to Regular Members and
Associate Members shall include the following:
1. The right to attend annual and special meetings of
the Members of the Corporation.
2. Eligibility of an Authorized Person to serve as a member
of an Ad Hoc Committee.
3. The right to attend meetings of the Board of Directors
of the Corporation (except executive sessions designated
by the Board of Directors).
4. Other rights and privileges as granted by the Corporation.
(b) Rights and Privileges Reserved for Regular Members.
In addition to the foregoing, following are rights and
privileges reserved for Regular Members only:
1. The right to vote on any matter brought before the
membership at any annual or special meeting of the Members
of the Corporation.
2. Eligibility of an Authorized Person to serve on the
Board of Directors.
3. Eligibility of an Authorized Person to serve as an
officer of the Corporation.
4. Eligibility of an Authorized Person to chair an Ad
Hoc Committee.
5. Eligibility of an Authorized Person who is a Director
to chair or serve on a Board Committee.
ARTICLE IV -- TERMINATION OR TRANSFER OF MEMBERSHIP
SECTION 1. Termination of Membership.
The membership, and all rights and privileges thereof,
of a Regular or an Associate Member shall be automatically
suspended at the close of business on the first business
day in January if such Member has not then paid their
dues for the then-current year. Such membership shall
be automatically reinstated if the Member pays such dues
in full prior to the next annual meeting of Members following
such suspension.
If such dues have not been paid prior to the commencement
of such annual meeting, the membership of such Member
shall be terminated upon such commencement, and if an
Authorized Person of such Member is then serving on the
Board of Directors, a Board Committee or an Ad Hoc Committee,
such Authorized Person shall be removed, and be deemed
to have resigned, from any and all such positions at such
time, with any vacancy to be filled as provided in these
By-laws.
If a Member is convicted (by non-appealable judgment)
of violating, or admits in writing to a violation of,
any federal or state law or regulation relating to competition,
and the violation arises, in whole or in part out of actions
as a Member, with other Members, or taken at or about
a meeting of Members or Directors or a committee of the
Corporation, the membership of such Member may be terminated
by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 2. Resignation of Membership.
Any Regular or Associate Member may resign its membership
by filing a written resignation with the Secretary of
the Corporation, but such resignation shall not relieve
the member so resigning of the obligation to pay any dues,
assessments, or other charges theretofore accrued and
unpaid. Dues are non-refundable and will not be refunded
to the resigning Member.
SECTION 3. Transfer of Membership. Membership
in the Corporation may not be transferred or assigned,
except by operation of law to a transferee who meets all
requirements for the relevant membership, provided that
all applicable dues are current and it is acknowledged
that all dues then paid are non-refundable.
ARTICLE V -- MEETING OF MEMBERS
SECTION 1. Annual Meetings. (Chapter
617.0701) Concurrent with the annual convention of the
Corporation, the annual meeting of the Members of the
Corporation shall be held at a time during such convention
and at a place convenient to the location of such convention,
as established by the Board of Directors. The annual meeting
of the Members may be held at any other time and place
specified in a notice given as provided in Section 4 of
this Article of these By-Laws or in a waiver of notice
thereof.
SECTION 2. Special Meetings. (Chapter
617.0701) Special meetings of the Members may be called
by the President, a majority vote of the Board of Directors,
or not less than one third of the Regular Members.
SECTION 3. Place of Special Meetings.
(Chapter 617.0701) The Board of Directors shall designate
the place of special meetings of Members called by the
Board of Directors. The President shall designate the
place of such Special Meetings called by the President.
The Regular Members calling a special meeting of Members
shall designate the place of such special meeting. If
no place is designated, the Principal Office of the corporation
shall be the place of meeting. If all Regular Members
meet at any time and place and consent to holding a Special
Meeting, such meeting shall be valid without call or notice,
and any corporate action may be taken.
SECTION 4. Notice of Meetings: (Chapter
617.0141) Written or printed notice stating the place,
day and hour of any meeting of Members shall be delivered
either personally, by mail, electronic mail or by facsimile
to each Member, including each Regular Member, entitled
to vote at such meeting, not less than thirty nor more
than one hundred days before the date of such meeting,
by or at the direction of the President, or the Secretary,
or the Persons calling the meeting. In case of special
meetings or when required by statute or by these By-Laws,
the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called
shall be stated in the notice.
If mailed, the notice of a meeting shall be deemed to
be delivered when deposited in the United States mail
addressed to the Member at such Member's address as it
appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage
thereon prepaid. If notice is in the form of an electronic
mail or facsimile, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered
upon receipt of a confirmation showing completed transmission
to the electronic mail address or facsimile number, as
the case may be, on the records of the Corporation.
Notice of a meeting of Members need not be given to any
Member who signs a waiver of notice, in person or by proxy,
either before or after the meeting. Unless required by
these By-Laws, neither the affairs transacted nor the
purpose of the meeting need be specified in the waiver.
Attendance of a Member at a meeting, either in person
or by proxy, constitutes waiver of notice and waiver of
any and all objections to the place of the meeting, the
time of the meeting, or the manner in which it has been
called or convened, unless the Member attends the meeting
solely for the purpose of stating, at the beginning of
the meeting, any such objection or objections to the transaction
of affairs.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, notice of the annual meeting
of Members may be included in promotional material for
the annual convention of the Corporation and need not
be separately transmitted as long as such promotional
material is sent to all Members as provided in this Section.
SECTION 5. Member Action by Consent.
(Section 617.0701(4)(a) - (f); 5 (a) and (b))
(a) Action required or permitted to be taken at an annual
or special meeting of Members may be taken without a meeting,
without prior notice, and without a vote if the action
is taken by the Members entitled to vote on such action
and having not less than the minimum number of votes necessary
to authorize such action at a meeting at which all Members
entitled to vote on such action were present and voted.
In order to be effective, the action must be evidenced
by one or more written consents describing the action
taken, dated and signed by approving Members having the
requisite number of votes and entitled to vote on such
action, and delivered to the Corporation by delivery to
its principal office in the state of Florida, its principal
place of business, the corporate Secretary, or another
officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of
the books in which proceedings of meetings of Members
are recorded. Written consent shall not be effective to
take the corporate action referred to in the consent unless
the consent is signed by Members having the requisite
number of votes necessary to authorize the action within
60 days of the date of the earliest dated consent and
is delivered in the manner required by this Section.
(b) Any written consent may be revoked prior to the date
that the Corporation receives the required number of consents
to authorize the proposed action. A revocation is not
effective unless in writing and until received by the
Corporation at its principal office in this state or its
principal place of business, or received by the corporate
Secretary or other officer or agent of the corporation
having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings
of Members are recorded.
(c) Within 10 days after obtaining such authorization
by written consent, notice must be given to those Members
who are entitled to vote on the action but who have not
consented in writing. The notice must fairly summarize
the material features of the authorized action.
(d) A consent signed under this Section has the effect
of a meeting vote and may be described as such in any
document.
(e) If the action to which the Members consent is such
as would have required the filing of a certificate under
the Florida Law if such action had been voted on by Members
at a meeting thereof, any such certificate filed must
state that written consent has been given in accordance
with the provisions of Section 617.0701 of the Florida
Law.
(f) Whenever action is taken pursuant to this Section,
the written consent of the Members consenting to such
action or the written reports of inspectors appointed
to tabulate such consents must be filed with the minutes
of proceedings of Members.
SECTION 6. Quorum: (Section 617.0725)
(a) Except as otherwise provided herein, or by law, or
in the Articles of Incorporation, or for meetings ordered
by the Superior Court called pursuant to Section 617.0703
of the Florida Law, a quorum shall be present at all meetings
of Members of the Corporation if thirty percent of the
Regular Members entitled to vote on that matter are represented
at the meeting in person at the commencement of a meeting
or by proxy.
The subsequent withdrawal of any Member from the meeting,
after the commencement of a meeting, or the refusal of
any Member represented in person or by proxy to vote,
shall have no effect on the existence of a quorum, after
a quorum has been established at such meeting.
(b) Despite the absence of a quorum at any meeting of
Members, a majority of the Regular Members present may
adjourn the meeting.
SECTION 7. Voting: (Section 617.0721)
At all meetings of the Members, each Regular Member present
shall have one vote and may vote by proxy executed in
writing by the Regular Member or by such Member's duly
authorized attorney in fact.
An appointment of a proxy is valid only for 11 months
following the date of its execution (and may not be valid
under any circumstances thereafter), or may be valid for
a shorter period of time if so provided in the proxy.
Associate Members shall not have any voting rights.
Except as otherwise specified herein, a majority vote
of Members present at a meeting where a quorum was declared
present shall constitute action on behalf of the Members.
ARTICLE VI -- BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. Board of Directors. The business
and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or
under the direction of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 2. Qualifications of Directors.
A Director must be a natural person who is 18 years of
age or older and who is an Authorized Person of a Regular
Member. A natural person who is an Authorized Person for
a Regular Member may not stand for election, or be elected,
as a Director if another Authorized Person of the same
Regular Member is already a Director or is also standing
for election at the same time.
SECTION 3. Number of Directors. The
Board of Directors shall consist of not fewer than seven
(7) nor more than nine (9) individuals, the exact number
to be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors
pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of Directors
then in office.
SECTION 4. Election and Term of Office.
The members of the Board of Directors shall be elected
by the Regular Members at the Annual Meeting of Members.
The Board of Directors shall appoint a nominating committee
which shall endeavor to nominate at said Annual Meeting
at least as many candidates as there are positions on
the Board to be then filled.
Nominations will also be solicited and accepted from
the floor. Each Regular Member shall be entitled to cast
up to as many votes as there are positions on the Board
to be filled, but may cast only one vote per candidate.
The candidates with the most votes (which may be less
than a majority of the number of Regular Members voting)
will be deemed elected.
If there is a tie for one or more of the positions to
be filled, the Members shall vote to break the tie by
voting for each such tied position by casting as many
votes as there are tied positions for one or more of the
candidates who were tied in the original vote. If one
or more ties remain, the process shall be repeated, if
necessary, until a tie between or among the same candidates
for the last remaining position occurs in two consecutive
votes.
If such recurring ties occur, the tied position shall
be deemed vacant and may be filled by the Board of Directors.
Except as provided in Section 5, below, each Director
shall hold office for a term of two (2) years until his
or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his
or her earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification
or removal (including deemed removal upon suspension or
termination of the membership of the Regular Member for
whom such director is an Authorized Person).
The term of the Directors shall be staggered to provide
continuity to the Board of Directors and to provide the
opportunity for approximately half of the Board to be
up for election each year.
No person shall be elected for more than three (3) consecutive
two-year terms on the Board of Directors, and any person
who has so served for three (3) consecutive two-year terms
may not be elected to the Board of Directors until the
second annual meeting of Members after the completion
of such service.
If more than one Authorized Person of the same Regular
Member are Directors (because of a merger, a change of
employment or other circumstances), and if more than one
of such Directors have a term of office that continues
after the next annual meeting of Members, all but one
of such Directors with such a term of office must resign
from the Board of Directors before the next annual meeting
of Members.
If the requisite resignations have not occurred, all
of such Directors will be deemed to have resigned immediately
prior to said annual meeting and the resulting vacancy(ies)
will be filled by the Members at such meeting as provided
in Section 5(b) below.
SECTION 5. Vacancies.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 7, below,
any vacancy occurring on the Board of Directors may be
filled by the affirmative vote of the majority of the
remaining Directors, even though the remaining Directors
constitute less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining
Director, as the case may be, or, if the vacancy is not
so filled or if no Director remains, by the Members or,
on the application of any Person, by the circuit court
of the county where the registered office of the Corporation
is located.
(b) A Director elected or appointed to fill a vacancy
shall be elected or appointed for the remaining portion
of the then-current year of his or her predecessor's term
of office. If such year is the first year of a two-year
term, such Director elected or appointed shall serve temporarily
for the balance of such year, and the vacancy shall be
filled permanently at the next annual meeting of the Members
by a vote of the Regular Members as provided for the election
of new Directors; provided that the term of office of
any Director so elected to fill the second year of a term
left vacant shall be only for such second year.
Any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase
in the number of Directors may be filled by the Board
of Directors, but only for a term of office continuing
until the next election of Directors by the Members.
SECTION 6. Resignation (Section 617.0807).
A Director may resign at any time by delivering written
notice to the President or Secretary of the Corporation
or to the Board of Directors. A resignation is effective
when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies
a later effective date. If a resignation is made effective
at a later date, the Board of Directors may fill the pending
vacancy before the effective date if the Board of Directors
provides that the successor does not take office until
the effective date.
SECTION 7. Removal of Directors. A Director
may be removed from office pursuant to the procedures
related to removal resulting from termination of membership
as well as the following:
(a) Any Director may be removed from office with or without
cause by the vote of, or agreement in writing by, a majority
of all Regular Members.
(b) The notice of a meeting of the Members to recall or
remove a Director or Directors shall state the specific
Directors sought to be removed.
(c) A proposed removal of one or more Directors at a meeting
shall require a separate vote for each Director sought
to be removed. Where removal is sought by written agreement,
a separate agreement is required for each Director sought
to be removed.
(d) If removal is effected at a meeting, any vacancies
created thereby shall be filled by the Regular Members
at the same meeting.
(e) Any Director who is removed from the Board of Directors
shall not be eligible to stand for reelection until the
next annual meeting of the Members.
(f) Any Director removed from office shall turn over to
the board of directors within 72 hours any and all records
of the Corporation in his or her possession.
(g) If a Director who is removed shall not relinquish
his or her office or turn over records as required under
this Section, the circuit court in the county where the
Corporation's principal office is located may summarily
order the Director to relinquish his or her office and
turn over corporate records upon application of any Member.
SECTION 8. Quorum of Directors. The
majority of the Directors in office at the time of a duly
assembled meeting shall constitute a quorum and be sufficient
for the transaction of business.
SECTION 9. Place of Meeting. Subject
to the provisions of Section 10 of this Article VI, the
Board of Directors may hold any meeting at such place
or places within or without the State of Florida as it
may determine.
SECTION 10. Organization Meeting. Promptly
after each annual meeting of Members of the Corporation,
the Board of Directors shall meet at the place where such
meeting of Members was held for the purpose of organization,
election of officers and the transaction of other business.
SECTION 11. Regular Meetings. Regular
meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such
times and at such places within or without the State of
Florida as the Board of Directors shall from time to time
determine.
SECTION 12. Special Meetings. Special
meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the
President (or a Vice President if the President is unable
or unwilling to act) or any two Directors, and any such
meeting shall be held at such time and at such place within
or without the State of Florida as shall be specified
in the notice of meeting.
SECTION 13. Annual Meetings; Notice: (Section
617.0820 & 617.0822)
(a) Annual meetings of the Board of Directors shall be
held as provided in Section 10 of this Article VI.
(b) No notice shall be required of any annual meeting
of the Board of Directors and, if given, need not specify
the purpose of the meeting; provided, however, that if
the Board of Directors shall change the time or place
of any annual meeting when such time and place was fixed
before such change, notice of such action shall be given
to each Director who was not present at the meeting at
which such action was taken or did not consent to such
action in writing, in the manner set forth in these By-Laws
with respect to special meetings, unless such notice shall
be waived in the manner set forth in these By-Laws.
SECTION 14. Special Meetings; Notice: (Section
617.0141)
(a) Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be
held at such time and place as may be specified in the
respective notices or waivers of notice thereof.
(b) Except as otherwise required by statute, notice of
special meetings shall be mailed directly to each Director,
addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business,
at least seven (7) days before the day on which the meeting
is to be held, or shall be sent to him at such place by
electronic mail or by facsimile, delivered to him personally
or given to him orally, not later than the day before
the day on which the meeting is to be held. A notice,
or waiver of notice, except as required by these By-Laws,
need not specify the business to be transacted at or the
purposes or purposes of the meeting.
(c) Notice of any special meeting shall not be required
to be given to any Director who shall attend such meeting
without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement,
the lack of notice to him or her, or who submits a signed
waiver of notice, whether before or after the meeting.
Notice of any adjourned meeting shall not be required
to be given.
SECTION 15. Organization. The President
shall call meetings of the Board of Directors to order
and shall act as the chairman thereof. In the absence
of the President, a majority of the Directors present
may elect as chairman of the meeting any Director present.
The Secretary of the Corporation or, in the absence of
such officer, an Assistant Secretary in attendance or,
in the absence of the Secretary and an Assistant Secretary,
an individual appointed by the chairman of the meeting
shall act as a secretary of the meeting and keep a record
of the proceedings of the meeting.
SECTION 16. Order of Business. Unless
otherwise determined by the Board of Directors the order
of business and rules of order at any meeting of the Board
of Directors shall be determined by the chairman of the
meeting.
SECTION 17. Adjournment. Any meeting
of the Board of Directors may be adjourned from time to
time by a majority of the directors present, whether or
not they shall constitute a quorum, and no notice shall
be required of any adjourned meeting beyond the announcement
of such adjournment at the meeting.
SECTION 18. Action by Board of Directors Without
a Meeting. [617.0821]
(a) Action required or permitted by this act to be taken
at a Board of Directors' meeting or committee meeting
may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken
by all members of the Board or of the committee. The action
must be evidenced by one or more written consents describing
the action taken and signed by each director or committee
member.
(b) Action taken under this Section is effective when
the last Director signs the consent, unless the consent
specifies a different effective date.
(c) A consent signed under this Section has the effect
of a meeting vote and may be described as such in any
document.
SECTION 19. Compensation. Directors
shall not be entitled to compensation for service as such.
Each Director shall be entitled to reimbursement for reasonable
expenses incurred by him or her in attending meetings
of the Board of Directors or of Board Committees, subject
to such policies and limitations as shall be established
from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude
any Director from serving the Corporation in any other
capacity and receiving compensation or reimbursement therefor,
but all such compensation and reimbursement paid to a
Director for serving in other capacities shall be itemized
and separately disclosed in the Corporation's financial
statements. Nothing in this Section shall require the
Corporation or the Board to reimburse Directors for all
expenses incurred, as such reimbursement may be limited
or revoked at any time.
SECTION 20. Manner of Acting: (Section
617.0820(c), 617.0821 & 617.0824)
(a) At all meetings of the Board of Directors, each Director
present shall have one vote.
(b) Action approved by a majority of the Directors present
at any meeting of the Board, or any Board Committee, at
which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board
of Directors or such Board Committee.
(c) Any action authorized in writing made prior or subsequent
to such action, by all of the Directors entitled to vote
thereon and filed with the minutes of the Corporation
shall be the act of the Board of Directors, or any Board
Committee, and have the same force and effect as if the
same had been passed by unanimous vote at a duly called
meeting of the Board of Directors or Board Committee for
all purposes and may be stated as such in any certificate
or document filed with the Secretary of the State of Florida.
Any action taken without a meeting is deemed effective
when the last director or committee member signs the consent,
unless the consent specifies a different effective date
for such action.
(d) Where appropriate communications facilities are reasonably
available, any or all directors shall have the right to
participate in any Board of Directors meeting, or a committee
of the Board of Directors meeting, by means of conference
telephone or any means of communications by which all
persons participating in the meeting are able to hear
each other.
SECTION 21. Board Committees. (Section
617.0825) The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted
by a majority of the entire Board, may from time to time
designate from among its members an executive committee
and such other committees of the Board of Directors, and
alternate members thereof, as they deem desirable, each
consisting of two or more members, with such powers and
authority (to the extent permitted by law) as may be provided
in such resolution. Each Board Committee shall serve at
the pleasure of the Board. Each Board Committee must have
two or more members.
The Board, by resolution adopted in accordance with this
Article, may designate one or more Directors as alternate
members of any such Board Committee who may act in the
place and stead of any absent member or members at any
meeting of such Committee.
SECTION 22. Ad Hoc Committees. The Board
of Directors may appoint one or more committees which
may include as members Directors and non-Directors, as
the Board of Directors may from time to time consider
desirable, and such committees shall have such powers
and duties as the Board of Directors shall determine and
as shall be specified in the resolution of appointment;
provided, however, that the powers and duties of any such
committee whose members shall include one or more non-Directors
shall be limited to powers and duties not otherwise reserved
to the Board of Directors under Florida Law, the Articles
of Incorporation or these By-Laws.
SECTION 23. Limitation on Committee Actions.
In accordance with Section 617.0825(1) of the Florida
Law, no Board Committee or Ad Hoc Committee shall have
the authority to approve or recommend to Members actions
or proposals required by Florida Law to be approved by
Members, to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors or
any Board Committee, or to amend or repeal these By-laws.
SECTION 24. Meetings, Notice and Quorum.
The sections of these By-Laws governing meetings, notice
and waiver of notice, and quorum and voting requirements
of the Board of Directors shall apply to Board Committees,
Ad Hoc Committees and their members as well.
SECTION 25. Committee Vacancies. Any
member of a committee appointed pursuant to this Article
shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors,
which Board shall have the power at any time to remove
any member, with or without cause, and to fill vacancies
in the membership of a committee. No committee appointed
pursuant to this Article shall have the power at any time
to change the powers and duties of any such committee
or to dissolve it.
SECTION 26. Good Faith Actions. Neither
the designation of any such committee, the delegation
thereto of authority, nor action by such committee pursuant
to such authority shall alone constitute compliance by
any member of the Board of Directors not a member of the
committee in question with his or her responsibility to
act in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes
to be in the best interests of the Corporation, and with
such care as an ordinarily prudent person in a like position
would use under similar circumstances.
ARTICLE VII -- OFFICERS
SECTION 1. Officers. The officers of
the Corporation shall consist of a President, a Secretary,
a Treasurer, and such other officers, including one or
more Vice Presidents, as the Board of Directors may from
time to time deem advisable. Any two or more offices may
be held by the same person, except for the offices of
President and Secretary, but no officer shall execute,
acknowledge or verify any instrument in more than one
capacity if such instrument is required by law, resolution
of the Board of Directors or these By-Laws to be executed,
acknowledged, or verified by two or more officers.
Each officer must be an Authorized Person (as such term
is defined in Article III, Section 2(d) of these By-Laws)
of Regular Members of the Corporation. The officers of
the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors
at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors following
the annual meeting of Members. Each officer shall hold
office until the annual meeting of the Board of Directors
next succeeding his or her election and until his or her
successor shall have been elected and qualified, subject
to earlier termination by his or her death, resignation
or removal.
SECTION 2. Resignation. (Section 617.0842)
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice
of such resignation to the Corporation. Unless otherwise
specified in such written notice, such resignation shall
take effect upon receipt thereof by the Corporation, and
the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary
to make it effective. If a resignation is made effective
at a later date and the Corporation accepts the future
effective date, the Board of Directors may fill the pending
vacancy before the effective date if the Board provides
that the successor does not take office until the effective
date.
SECTION 3. Removal. (Section 617.0842)
Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed,
either with or without cause, and a successor elected
by the Board at any time, and any officer or assistant
officer, if appointed by another officer, may likewise
be removed by such officer.
SECTION 4. Duties of Officers. (Section
617.0841) Officers of the Corporation shall, unless otherwise
provided by the Board of Directors, each have such authority
and perform such duties as generally pertain to their
respective offices as well as such powers and duties as
may be set forth in these By-Laws, or may from time to
time be specifically conferred or imposed by the Board
of Directors, not inconsistent with these By-Laws.
SECTION 5. Compensation. None of the
officers of the Corporation shall be entitled to compensation
for services as such, but may be entitled to reimbursement
for reasonable expenses incurred in performing their duties
in accordance with such policies, and subject to such
limits, as may be established by the Board of Directors
from time to time. The Corporation shall have no obligation,
express or implied, to compensate or reimburse any officer
and, subject to contractual rights to compensation or
reimbursement established for officers, the Board of Directors
may change or eliminate compensation or reimbursement
for officers at any time.
SECTION 6. President. The President
shall be a member of the Board of Directors and shall
be the chief executive officer of the Corporation responsible
for directing, administering and coordinating the business
operations of the Corporation in accordance with policies,
goals and objectives established by the Board of Directors
with power and authority, when acting in the ordinary
course of business of the Corporation, in the name and
on behalf of the Corporation and under its seal attested
by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation,
or otherwise, to execute and deliver agreements, contracts,
certificates and other instruments, to purchase and accept
delivery of, or sell, assign and deliver, stocks, bonds,
evidences of interest and indebtedness, rights and options
to acquire the same, and all other securities, whether
negotiable or non negotiable, and to open and maintain
accounts with banking institutions, including investment
banks and brokerage firms. Such officer shall perform
all other duties and enjoy all other powers which are
commonly incident to the office of President or which
are delegated to such officer by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 7. Vice Presidents. The Vice
Presidents elected by the Board of Directors pursuant
to Section 1 of this Article, if there be any, shall have
such powers and perform such duties as may from time to
time be assigned to them by the Board of Directors or
the President. In the absence of the President, the Vice
President with the most seniority as an officer or Director,
unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,
shall perform all duties and may exercise all powers of
the President.
SECTION 8. Secretary. The Secretary
shall record the proceedings of all meetings of Members
of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors which
such officer attends in a book or books to be kept for
that purpose. Such officer shall attend to the giving
and serving of all notices on behalf of the Corporation,
shall have custody of the records and the seal of the
Corporation and shall affix the seal, if any, to any instrument
which requires the seal of the Corporation. Such officer
shall, in general, perform all the duties and functions
incident to the office of Secretary and shall also perform
such other duties as may from time to time be assigned
to such officer by the Board of Directors or the President.
SECTION 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer
shall have custody and control of all funds and securities
of the Corporation, except as otherwise provided by the
Board of Directors. Such officer shall keep full and accurate
accounts of all receipts and disbursements of the Corporation
in books to be kept for that purpose, shall deposit all
money and other valuable effects in the name and to the
credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may
be designated by the Board of Directors, and shall render
to the President or the Board of Directors, whenever any
of them may require it, an account of all such officer's
transactions as Treasurer and an account of the financial
condition of the Corporation. Such officer shall also
perform such other duties as may from time to time be
assigned to such officer by the Board of Directors or
the President.
ARTICLE VIII -- FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the calendar
year, but shall be subject to change by the Board of Directors
from time to time, subject to applicable law.
ARTICLE IX -- INDEMNIFICATION
The Corporation shall, and by reason of the enactment
of these By-Law hereby does, indemnify each and every
individual (including his or her heirs, executors and
assigns) who was or is a party or is threatened to be
made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative
or investigative (hereinafter a "Proceeding"), by reason
of the fact that he or she is or was a Director or officer
of the Corporation, or, while a Director or officer of
the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the
Corporation as a Director, officer, employee or agent
of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement
in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, to
the full extent that it has the power to do so under the
laws of the State of Florida.
Such indemnification shall not be deemed exclusive of
any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled
under the Articles of Incorporation or under any agreement,
contract of insurance, vote of Regular Members or disinterested
directors, or otherwise, or of the broader power of the
Corporation to indemnify a Director, or any officer, employee
or agent of the Corporation, as authorized by the laws
of the State of Florida. In no event shall the Corporation
indemnify any officer or Director for any loss, claim
or expense arising out of the gross negligence or willful
misconduct of such person as determined by a court of
competent jurisdiction, although indemnification shall
be provided notwithstanding an allegation of gross negligence
or willful misconduct if the case is settled and the Board
of Directors does not determine that gross negligence
or willful misconduct occurred.
ARTICLE X -- CORPORATE SEAL (SECTION
617.0302(3))
The corporate seal, if any, shall be in such form as
shall be prescribed and altered, from time to time, by
the Board of Directors. However, any such seal must always
contain the words "corporation not for profit."
ARTICLE XI -- AMENDMENTS (SECTION 617.0206)
These By-Laws shall be subject to alteration or repeal,
and new By-Laws may be made, by a majority vote of the
Regular Members at an annual meeting of Members, or at
a Special Meeting called for that purpose, or by consent
as provide in these By-Laws.